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  HTML In this lesson, we'll learn the basics of HTML! By the end of this lesson, you should be able to comprehend and write basic HTML . We'll cover the following  Introduction HTML ( H yper T ext M arkup L anguage) is not a programming language. It is a markup language. True programming languages have the ability to describe logic . HTML, however, is used to display and format parts of a webpage. It is strictly presentational. Tag syntax HTML marks up content with HTML ‘tags’. HTML tags are the basic building blocks of all web pages. Essentially, they format the way that information and text is displayed. They put the content into categories (called elements!) such as ‘heading’, ‘paragraph’, and ‘table’. A basic HTML tag consists of a name enclosed within ‘angle brackets’ i.e., less than and greater than symbols. Also, these tags usually come in pairs of opening and closing tags. The closing tag is the same as the opening tag except that the closing tag has a forwa...
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  The Server-side and The Client-sid e   In this lesson, we'll introduce the server-side and the client-side and what languages each uses.   We'll cover the following Introduction   Client-side Server-side Introduction So far, we’ve had a high-level overview of how the Internet works, what the web is, how databases work, and what web-servers are. Let’s now get into the basics of coding a website. Client-side The source code of a website can be broken down into two parts: client-side and server-side. The code on the ‘client’ side runs on the client computer’s browser and handles what the website looks like, how it requests data from the server, and how it interacts with temporary and local storage on the client machine. This includes but is not limited to selecting and styling user interface components, creating layouts, navigation, form validation, and cache handling. It’s okay if you don’t understand what these mean, we’ll define them in later lessons! Cl...
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How Data Finds its Way? A high-level overview of how packets determine and then traverse the path from their source to destination.   We'll cover the following Internet protocol & IP addresses DNS lookups   So far, we’ve discussed how the Internet is structured, and how it’s abstractions implement the protocols that ensure that the client and server understand one another. Now, we will look into how clients and servers know where they want to send their data and what protocols exist to ensure each end-system on a network has a unique identity that allows it to be reached by other end-systems. Internet protocol & IP addresses Internet Protocol, more commonly known as IP, is a network layer protocol that is responsible for assigning addresses to devices in order to give them unique identities that make them reachable and discoverable. Each device on the Internet has a unique IP address that other devices use to connect with it. You can find your own IP addr...
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  How Does It Work? An overview of how the web allows communication between devices. We'll cover the following.. Switches to connect devices  Routers Data packets TCP HTTP & HTTPS Ports In the previous lesson, we talked about clients and servers and that the Internet allows them to communicate with one another. Now, we will look into exactly how this communication happens. Switches to connect devices In essence, the communication is pretty intuitive. Clients send messages to servers requesting data, and servers respond with the required data, but how is this data transferred? The answer requires defining the structure of the Internet first. The Internet comprises of devices known as switches that facilitate the connection of each device to every other device on the network. The devices themselves are referred to as end-systems , and which is essentially just a fancy term for the computer you’re using to access this webpage right now! End-systems are connected to swit...
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  What is the Web? An introduction to the basic structure of the Internet and how your web application fits into it. We'll cover the following     Network layers Physical layer Data link layer Network layer Transport layer Application layer    The web, simply put, is a network spread across the globe that connects a multitude of devices and allows them to communicate with one another.  Websites on the Internet are hosted on devices referred to as servers , and when you’re interacting with a webpage on the Internet, what you’re essentially doing is exchanging data with the server that the website is hosted on.  The device that you’re accessing the webpage using is referred to as the client in the context of the web. In short, the web enables the exchange of data between clients and servers through several elaborate mechanisms that we will be discussing in this chapter. Network layers Since the web is an immensely intricate and widespread ne...
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